In Python 2, division of two ints produces an int. In Python 3, it produces a float. We can get the new behaviour by importing from __future__. >>> from __future__ import division >>> a = 4 >>> b = 6 >>> c = a / b >>> c 0.66666666666666663
There’s not really any “raw string“; there are raw string literals, which are exactly the string literals marked by an ‘r’ before the opening quote. A “raw string literal” is a slightly different syntax for a string literal, in which a backslash, \, is taken as meaning “just a backslash” (except when it comes right … Read more
In Python 2.x: range creates a list, so if you do range(1, 10000000) it creates a list in memory with 9999999 elements. xrange is a sequence object that evaluates lazily. In Python 3: range does the equivalent of Python 2’s xrange. To get the list, you have to explicitly use list(range(…)). xrange no longer exists.
With __future__ module’s inclusion, you can slowly be accustomed to incompatible changes or to such ones introducing new keywords. E.g., for using context managers, you had to do from __future__ import with_statement in 2.5, as the with keyword was new and shouldn’t be used as variable names any longer. In order to use with as … Read more
I know it’s been said already, but I’d highly recommend the requests Python package. If you’ve used languages other than python, you’re probably thinking urllib and urllib2 are easy to use, not much code, and highly capable, that’s how I used to think. But the requests package is so unbelievably useful and short that everyone … Read more
This will convert the dict_keys object to a list: list(newdict.keys()) On the other hand, you should ask yourself whether or not it matters. It is Pythonic to assume duck typing — if it looks like a duck and it quacks like a duck, it is a duck. The dict_keys object can be iterated over just … Read more
You need to read the Python Unicode HOWTO. This error is the very first example. Basically, stop using str to convert from unicode to encoded text / bytes. Instead, properly use .encode() to encode the string: p.agent_info = u’ ‘.join((agent_contact, agent_telno)).encode(‘utf-8’).strip() or work entirely in unicode.