It’s usually to namespace (see later) and control the visibility of member functions and/or variables. Think of it like an object definition. The technical name for it is an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE). jQuery plugins are usually written like this. In Javascript, you can nest functions. So, the following is legal: function outerFunction() { … Read more
The varying line-ending characters don’t matter, assuming the file is open in text mode, which is what you get unless you ask for binary. The compiled program will write out the correct thing for the system compiled for. The only difference is that std::endl flushes the output buffer, and ‘\n’ doesn’t. If you don’t want … Read more
like this: var foo = 45; var bar=”” + foo; Actually, even though I typically do it like this for simple convenience, over 1,000s of iterations it appears for raw speed there is an advantage for .toString() See Performance tests here (not by me, but found when I went to write my own): http://jsben.ch/#/ghQYR Fastest … Read more
I like to use double quotes around strings that are used for interpolation or that are natural language messages, and single quotes for small symbol-like strings, but will break the rules if the strings contain quotes, or if I forget. I use triple double quotes for docstrings and raw string literals for regular expressions even … Read more
According to the StyleCop Rules Documentation the ordering is as follows. Within a class, struct or interface: (SA1201 and SA1203) Constant Fields Fields Constructors Finalizers (Destructors) Delegates Events Enums Interfaces (interface implementations) Properties Indexers Methods Structs Classes Within each of these groups order by access: (SA1202) public internal protected internal protected private Within each of … Read more
I often have several statements at the start of a method to return for “easy” situations. For example, this: public void DoStuff(Foo foo) { if (foo != null) { … } } … can be made more readable (IMHO) like this: public void DoStuff(Foo foo) { if (foo == null) return; … } So yes, … Read more
You don’t need to use 4 spaces on your second conditional line. Maybe use: if (cond1 == ‘val1’ and cond2 == ‘val2’ and cond3 == ‘val3’ and cond4 == ‘val4′): do_something Also, don’t forget the whitespace is more flexible than you might think: if ( cond1 == ‘val1’ and cond2 == ‘val2’ and cond3 == … Read more
There’s no performance difference, as they compile to the same bytecode: >>> import dis >>> dis.dis(“not x is None”) 1 0 LOAD_NAME 0 (x) 2 LOAD_CONST 0 (None) 4 COMPARE_OP 9 (is not) 6 RETURN_VALUE >>> dis.dis(“x is not None”) 1 0 LOAD_NAME 0 (x) 2 LOAD_CONST 0 (None) 4 COMPARE_OP 9 (is not) 6 … Read more
Formats Python docstrings can be written following several formats as the other posts showed. However the default Sphinx docstring format was not mentioned and is based on reStructuredText (reST). You can get some information about the main formats in this blog post. Note that the reST is recommended by the PEP 287 There follows the … Read more
Named tuples were added in 2.6 for this purpose. Also see os.stat for a similar builtin example. >>> import collections >>> Point = collections.namedtuple(‘Point’, [‘x’, ‘y’]) >>> p = Point(1, y=2) >>> p.x, p.y 1 2 >>> p[0], p[1] 1 2 In recent versions of Python 3 (3.6+, I think), the new typing library got … Read more