Weird MSC 8.0 error: “The value of ESP was not properly saved across a function call…”

This debug error means that the stack pointer register is not returned to its original value after the function call, i.e. that the number of pushes before the function call were not followed by the equal number of pops after the call. There are 2 reasons for this that I know (both with dynamically loaded … Read more

Why does the stack address grow towards decreasing memory addresses?

First, it’s platform dependent. In some architectures, stack is allocated from the bottom of the address space and grows upwards. Assuming an architecture like x86 that stack grown downwards from the top of address space, the idea is pretty simple: =============== Highest Address (e.g. 0xFFFF) | | | STACK | | | |————-| <- Stack … Read more

How can I use stack in Kotlin?

Kotlin 1.3.70 introduced the kotlin.collections.ArrayDeque class, which functions as both a queue and a stack, like Java’s java.util.Deque (Deque meaning “double-ended queue”). It was created out of a necessity for a multiplatform ArrayDeque implementation. val stack = ArrayDeque(listOf(1, 2, 3)) // stack: [1, 2, 3] stack.addLast(0) // stack: [1, 2, 3, 0] (push) val value … Read more

Hata!: SQLSTATE[HY000] [1045] Access denied for user 'divattrend_liink'@'localhost' (using password: YES)