Overview @Mike’s answer is correct but too imprecise. It is true that Python 3.3+ supports Implicit Namespace Packages that allows it to create a package without an __init__.py file. This is called a namespace package in contrast to a regular package which does have an __init__.py file (empty or not empty). However, creating a namespace … Read more
Since Python 3.5 this is finally no longer awkward: >>> b’\xde\xad\xbe\xef’.hex() ‘deadbeef’ and reverse: >>> bytes.fromhex(‘deadbeef’) b’\xde\xad\xbe\xef’ works also with the mutable bytearray type. Reference: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes.hex
The difference is that when you use from, the __cause__ attribute is set and the message states that the exception was directly caused by. If you omit the from then no __cause__ is set, but the __context__ attribute may be set as well, and the traceback then shows the context as during handling something else … Read more
As in 2.x, use str.replace(). Example: >>> ‘Hello world’.replace(‘world’, ‘Guido’) ‘Hello Guido’
TL;DR: You can’t do relative imports from the file you execute since __main__ module is not a part of a package. Absolute imports – import something available on sys.path Relative imports – import something relative to the current module, must be a part of a package If you’re running both variants in exactly the same … Read more
You can read about the changes in What’s New In Python 3.0. You should read it thoroughly when you move from 2.x to 3.x since a lot has been changed. The whole answer here are quotes from the documentation. Views And Iterators Instead Of Lists Some well-known APIs no longer return lists: […] map() and … Read more
There are many ways to do this. To fix your current code using %-formatting, you need to pass in a tuple: Pass it as a tuple: print(“Total score for %s is %s” % (name, score)) A tuple with a single element looks like (‘this’,). Here are some other common ways of doing it: Pass it … Read more
You are trying to run a Python 2 codebase with Python 3. xrange() was renamed to range() in Python 3. Run the game with Python 2 instead. Don’t try to port it unless you know what you are doing, most likely there will be more problems beyond xrange() vs. range(). For the record, what you … Read more
You can instead use the mysqlclient package as a drop-in replacement for MySQL-python. It is a fork of MySQL-python with added support for Python 3. I had luck with simply pip install mysqlclient in my python3.4 virtualenv after sudo apt-get install python3-dev libmysqlclient-dev which is obviously specific to ubuntu/debian, but I just wanted to share … Read more
You need to instantiate a class instance here. Use p = Pump() p.getPumps() Small example – >>> class TestClass: def __init__(self): print(“in init”) def testFunc(self): print(“in Test Func”) >>> testInstance = TestClass() in init >>> testInstance.testFunc() in Test Func