Changed rules for protected constructors in C++17?

The definition of aggregate changed since C++17. Before C++17 no base classes Since C++17 no virtual, private, or protected (since C++17) base classes That means, for B and D, they’re not aggregate type before C++17, then for B{} and D{}, value-initialization will be performed, then the defaulted default constructor will be called; which is fine, … Read more

Why do we actually need Private or Protected inheritance in C++?

It is useful when you want to have access to some members of the base class, but without exposing them in your class interface. Private inheritance can also be seen as some kind of composition: the C++ faq-lite gives the following example to illustrate this statement class Engine { public: Engine(int numCylinders); void start(); // … Read more

How to get protected property of object in PHP

Here’s the really simple example (with no error checking) of how to use ReflectionClass: function accessProtected($obj, $prop) { $reflection = new ReflectionClass($obj); $property = $reflection->getProperty($prop); $property->setAccessible(true); return $property->getValue($obj); } I know you said you were limited to 5.2, but that was 2 years ago, 5.5 is the oldest supported version and I’m hoping to help … Read more

Why can’t I have protected interface members?

I think everyone hammered the point of an interface having only public members, no implementation details. What you are looking for is an abstract class. public interface IOrange { OrangePeel Peel { get; } } public abstract class OrangeBase : IOrange { protected OrangeBase() {} protected abstract OrangePips Seeds { get; } public abstract OrangePeel … Read more

Protected and private methods in Rails

For models, the idea is that the public methods are the public interface of the class. Public methods are intended to be used by other objects, while protected/private methods are to be hidden from the outside. This is the same practice as in other object-oriented languages. For controllers and tests, just do as you please. … Read more

Inheritance of private and protected methods in Python

Python has no privacy model, there are no access modifiers like in C++, C# or Java. There are no truly ‘protected’ or ‘private’ attributes. Names with a leading double underscore and no trailing double underscore are mangled to protect them from clashes when inherited. Subclasses can define their own __private() method and these will not … Read more

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