Please note that there is no such thing as “private method” in Python. Double underscore is just name mangling: >>> class A(object): … def __foo(self): … pass … >>> a = A() >>> A.__dict__.keys() [‘__dict__’, ‘_A__foo’, ‘__module__’, ‘__weakref__’, ‘__doc__’] >>> a._A__foo() So therefore __ prefix is useful when you need the mangling to occur, for … Read more
It is useful when you want to have access to some members of the base class, but without exposing them in your class interface. Private inheritance can also be seen as some kind of composition: the C++ faq-lite gives the following example to illustrate this statement class Engine { public: Engine(int numCylinders); void start(); // … Read more
I think this is a good starting point: http://java67.blogspot.fi/2012/10/nested-class-java-static-vs-non-static-inner.html 1) Nested static class doesn’t need reference of Outer class but non static nested class or Inner class requires Outer class reference. You can not create instance of Inner class without creating instance of Outer class. This is by far most important thing to consider while … Read more
What I have seen someday on SO, as answer (written by @ChssPly76) why to use getters and setters Because 2 weeks (months, years) from now when you realize that your setter needs to do more than just set the value, you’ll also realize that the property has been used directly in 238 other classes 🙂 … Read more
As of PHP 7.1, there are real private constants. private const PRIVATE_CONST = 0; See the Class Constant Visibility RFC for more information.
Folks! PHP 7.1.0 has been released Now it’s possible to have visibility modifiers with class constants. <?php class Foo { // As of PHP 7.1.0 public const BAR = ‘bar’; private const BAZ = ‘baz’; } echo Foo::BAR, PHP_EOL; echo Foo::BAZ, PHP_EOL; ?> Output of the above example in PHP 7.1: bar Fatal error: Uncaught … Read more
There are at least two more options. I’ll list out some other options you should consider by explaining a certain situation. Option 4: Consider refactoring your code so that the part you want to test is public in another class. Typically when you’re tempted to test a class’s private method, it’s a sign of bad … Read more
First of all, you are in a bad position now – having the task of writing tests for the code you did not originally create and without any changes – nightmare! Talk to your boss and explain, it is not possible to test the code without making it “testable”. To make code testable you usually … Read more
It is possible to obtain all fields with the method getDeclaredFields() of Class. Then you have to check the modifier of each fields to find the private ones: List<Field> privateFields = new ArrayList<>(); Field[] allFields = SomeClass.class.getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : allFields) { if (Modifier.isPrivate(field.getModifiers())) { privateFields.add(field); } } Note that getDeclaredFields() will not return … Read more
For models, the idea is that the public methods are the public interface of the class. Public methods are intended to be used by other objects, while protected/private methods are to be hidden from the outside. This is the same practice as in other object-oriented languages. For controllers and tests, just do as you please. … Read more