From my article on strings: In the current implementation at least, strings take up 20+(n/2)*4 bytes (rounding the value of n/2 down), where n is the number of characters in the string. The string type is unusual in that the size of the object itself varies. The only other classes which do this (as far … Read more
You need to use the new keyword to call the constructor and create the object. SecretKey originalKey = new SecretKeySpec(encodedKey, 0, encodedKey.length, “AES”); When you try to call it without new, the compiler thinks it might be a method you’ve defined inside that class, hence your error message.
One simple option is to use COPY command with encode to hex format and then apply xxd shell command (with -p continuous hexdump style switch). For example let’s say I have jpg image in bytea column in samples table: \copy (SELECT encode(file, ‘hex’) FROM samples LIMIT 1) TO ‘/home/grzegorz/Desktop/image.hex’ $ xxd -p -r image.hex > … Read more
Just use an empty byte string, b”. However, concatenating to a string repeatedly involves copying the string many times. A bytearray, which is mutable, will likely be faster: msg = bytearray() # New empty byte array # Append data to the array msg.extend(b”blah”) msg.extend(b”foo”) To decode the byte array to a string, use msg.decode(encoding=’utf-8′).
Strictly speaking, the term “byte” can actually refer to a unit with other than 256 values. It’s just that that’s the almost universal size. From Wikipedia: Historically, a byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and it is for this reason the basic addressable element … Read more
Verilog thinks in bits, so reg [7:0] a[0:3] will give you a 4×8 bit array (=4×1 byte array). You get the first byte out of this with a[0]. The third bit of the 2nd byte is a[1][2]. For a 2D array of bytes, first check your simulator/compiler. Older versions (pre ’01, I believe) won’t support … Read more
Did you try to parse it with the json module? import json parsed = json.loads(response.content)
You opened the file in binary mode: with open(fname, ‘rb’) as f: This means that all data read from the file is returned as bytes objects, not str. You cannot then use a string in a containment test: if ‘some-pattern’ in tmp: continue You’d have to use a bytes object to test against tmp instead: … Read more
Conversion between char and byte is character set encoding and decoding.I prefer to make it as clear as possible in code. It doesn’t really mean extra code volume: Charset latin1Charset = Charset.forName(“ISO-8859-1”); charBuffer = latin1Charset.decode(ByteBuffer.wrap(byteArray)); // also decode to String byteBuffer = latin1Charset.encode(charBuffer); // also decode from String Aside: java.nio classes and java.io Reader/Writer classes … Read more
You can use vectorised str.decode to decode byte strings into ordinary strings: df[‘COLUMN1’].str.decode(“utf-8”) To do this for multiple columns you can select just the str columns: str_df = df.select_dtypes([np.object]) convert all of them: str_df = str_df.stack().str.decode(‘utf-8’).unstack() You can then swap out converted cols with the original df cols: for col in str_df: df[col] = str_df[col]