Is it possible to traverse std::stack in C++? No. A stack is a data structure you should use when you are interested in placing elements on top and getting elements from the top. If you want an iterable stack, either use a different data structure for a stack role (std::vector?) or write one yourself.
Stack is always in RAM. There is a stack pointer that is kept in a register in CPU that points to the top of stack, i.e., the address of the location at the top of stack.
There are many tradeoffs involved here and I don’t think that there’s a “correct” answer to this question. If you implement the stack using a linked list with a tail pointer, then the worst-case runtime to push, pop, or peek is O(1). However, each element will have some extra overhead associated with it (namely, the … Read more
Top command reflects the total amount of memory used by the Java application. This includes among other things: A basic memory overhead of the JVM itself the heap space (bounded with -Xmx) The permanent generation space (-XX:MaxPermSize – not standard in all JVMs) threads stack space (-Xss per stack) which may grow significantly depending on … Read more
Add background and apply shadow to it, like in below example VStack { … } .background(Color.white // any non-transparent background .shadow(color: Color.red, radius: 10, x: 0, y: 0) ) .frame(width: geometry.size.width, height: geometry.size.height)
Nick’s answer is a good starting point, but incomplete, as you actually need to overload: private: void* operator new(size_t); // standard new void* operator new(size_t, void*); // placement new void* operator new[](size_t); // array new void* operator new[](size_t, void*); // placement array new (Good coding practice would suggest you should also overload the delete and … Read more
I think, it’s because C++ provides superior solutions: std::vector<T> and std::array<T,N> (C++11); though the latter is not dynamic as such but it’s superior to raw arrays. You can always know the size, no matter which function you pass the vector or array. Since C cannot provide these solutions, C99 came up with Variable Length Array … Read more
Runtime-Evaluation An online method is to paint the complete stack with a certain value, like 0xAAAA (or 0xAA, whatever your width is). Then you can check how large the stack has maximally grown in the past by checking how much of the painting is left untouched. Have a look at this link for an explanation … Read more
The observed variance is caused by background JIT compilation. This is how the process looks like: Method f() starts execution in interpreter. After a number of invocations (around 250) the method is scheduled for compilation. The compiler thread works in parallel to the application thread. Meanwhile the method continues execution in interpreter. As soon as … Read more