Unlike Java, a nested class isn’t a special “inner class” so you’d need to pass a reference. Raymond Chen has an example describing the differences here : C# nested classes are like C++ nested classes, not Java inner classes. Here is an example where the constructor of the nested class is passed the instance of … Read more
You can access the instance of the outer class like this: Outer.this
Yes, it makes perfect sense to make it an inner class. If no other classes need it, make it private. If it doesn’t require exclusive access to the members of the outer class, make it a static nested class because then it will require less memory space. Check out the recommendation from the official tutorial … Read more
Nested classes (probably best to avoid the word “inner” as nested classes in C# are somewhat different to inner classes in Java) can indeed be very useful. One pattern which hasn’t been mentioned is the “better enum” pattern – which can be even more flexible than the one in Java: public abstract class MyCleverEnum { … Read more
You should annontate your class with @RunWith(Enclosed.class), and like others said, declare the inner classes as static: @RunWith(Enclosed.class) public class DogTests { public static class BarkTests { @Test public void quietBark_IsAtLeastAudible() { } @Test public void loudBark_ScaresAveragePerson() { } } public static class EatTests { @Test public void normalFood_IsEaten() { } @Test public void badFood_ThrowsFit() … Read more
You can never instantiate an interface in java. You can, however, refer to an object that implements an interface by the type of the interface. For example, public interface A { } public class B implements A { } public static void main(String[] args) { A test = new B(); //A test = new A(); … Read more
what I want to know is why java forbids static fields/methods inside inner classes Because those inner classes are “instance” inner classes. That is, they are like an instance attribute of the enclosing object. Since they’re “instance” classes, it doesn’t make any sense to allow static features, for static is meant to work without an … Read more
Yes, we can have classes inside interfaces. One example of usage could be public interface Input { public static class KeyEvent { public static final int KEY_DOWN = 0; public static final int KEY_UP = 1; public int type; public int keyCode; public char keyChar; } public static class TouchEvent { public static final int … Read more
class Outer(object): outer_var = 1 class Inner(object): @property def inner_var(self): return Outer.outer_var This isn’t quite the same as similar things work in other languages, and uses global lookup instead of scoping the access to outer_var. (If you change what object the name Outer is bound to, then this code will use that object the next … Read more
@JsonRawValue is intended for serialization-side only, since the reverse direction is a bit trickier to handle. In effect it was added to allow injecting pre-encoded content. I guess it would be possible to add support for reverse, although that would be quite awkward: content will have to be parsed, and then re-written back to “raw” … Read more