Proper way to declare custom exceptions in modern Python?

Maybe I missed the question, but why not: class MyException(Exception): pass To override something (or pass extra args), do this: class ValidationError(Exception): def __init__(self, message, errors): # Call the base class constructor with the parameters it needs super().__init__(message) # Now for your custom code… self.errors = errors That way you could pass dict of error … Read more

How do you assert that a certain exception is thrown in JUnit tests?

It depends on the JUnit version and what assert libraries you use. For JUnit5 and 4.13 see answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/2935935/2986984 If you use assertJ or google-truth, see answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/41019785/2986984 The original answer for JUnit <= 4.12 was: @Test(expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class) public void testIndexOutOfBoundsException() { ArrayList emptyList = new ArrayList(); Object o = emptyList.get(0); } Though answer … Read more

Manually raising (throwing) an exception in Python

How do I manually throw/raise an exception in Python? Use the most specific Exception constructor that semantically fits your issue. Be specific in your message, e.g.: raise ValueError(‘A very specific bad thing happened.’) Don’t raise generic exceptions Avoid raising a generic Exception. To catch it, you’ll have to catch all other more specific exceptions that … Read more

Catch multiple exceptions in one line (except block)

From Python Documentation: An except clause may name multiple exceptions as a parenthesized tuple, for example except (IDontLikeYouException, YouAreBeingMeanException) as e: pass Or, for Python 2 only: except (IDontLikeYouException, YouAreBeingMeanException), e: pass Separating the exception from the variable with a comma will still work in Python 2.6 and 2.7, but is now deprecated and does … Read more

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