correct way to define class variables in Python [duplicate]

Neither way is necessarily correct or incorrect, they are just two different kinds of class elements: Elements outside the __init__ method are static elements; they belong to the class. Elements inside the __init__ method are elements of the object (self); they don’t belong to the class. You’ll see it more clearly with some code: class … Read more

What is the difference between private and protected members of C++ classes?

Private members are only accessible within the class defining them. Protected members are accessible in the class that defines them and in classes that inherit from that class. Edit: Both are also accessible by friends of their class, and in the case of protected members, by friends of their derived classes. Edit 2: Use whatever … Read more

How do you make a deep copy of an object?

A safe way is to serialize the object, then deserialize. This ensures everything is a brand new reference. Here’s an article about how to do this efficiently. Caveats: It’s possible for classes to override serialization such that new instances are not created, e.g. for singletons. Also this of course doesn’t work if your classes aren’t … Read more

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