This is now supported in Moq
Use .Invocations.Clear() on the latest version of the library:
var foo = new Mock<foo>();
foo.Invocations.Clear();
Old answer
I think long after this post was created they added the functionality that the OP had asked for, there is a Moq extension method called Moq.MockExtensions.ResetCalls().
With this method you can do exactly what you wished as shown below:
[Test]
public void Justification()
{
var foo = new Mock<IFoo>(MockBehavior.Loose);
foo.Setup(x => x.Fizz());
var objectUnderTest = new ObjectUnderTest(foo.Object);
objectUnderTest.DoStuffToPushIntoState1(); // this is various lines of code and setup
foo.Verify(x => x.Fizz());
foo.ResetCalls(); // *** Reset the verification here with this glorious method ***
objectUnderTest.DoStuffToPushIntoState2(); // more lines of code
foo.Verify(x => x.Fizz(), Times.Never());
}