For the string variable a, the only solution is global a. If you look at the Python 2 and Python 3 source code, setupModule() doesn’t appear to do anything magical, so all the usual namespace rules apply.
If a were a mutable variable, like a list, you could define it at global scope and then append to it within setupModule.
Variable b is easier to work with because it is defined within a class. Try this:
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.b = "Setup Class variable"
def test_1(self):
print self.b