How do you test for the non-existence of an element using jest and react-testing-library?

From DOM Testing-library Docs – Appearance and Disappearance

Asserting elements are not present

The standard getBy methods throw an error when they can’t find an element, so
if you want to make an assertion that an element is not present in the DOM,
you can use queryBy APIs instead:

const submitButton = screen.queryByText('submit')
expect(submitButton).toBeNull() // it doesn't exist

The queryAll APIs version return an array of matching nodes. The length of the
array can be useful for assertions after elements are added or removed from the
DOM.

const submitButtons = screen.queryAllByText('submit')
expect(submitButtons).toHaveLength(2) // expect 2 elements

not.toBeInTheDocument

The jest-dom utility library provides the
.toBeInTheDocument() matcher, which can be used to assert that an element is
in the body of the document, or not. This can be more meaningful than asserting
a query result is null.

import '@testing-library/jest-dom/extend-expect'
// use `queryBy` to avoid throwing an error with `getBy`
const submitButton = screen.queryByText('submit')
expect(submitButton).not.toBeInTheDocument()