Named tuples were added in 2.6 for this purpose. Also see os.stat for a similar builtin example. >>> import collections >>> Point = collections.namedtuple(‘Point’, [‘x’, ‘y’]) >>> p = Point(1, y=2) >>> p.x, p.y 1 2 >>> p[0], p[1] 1 2 In recent versions of Python 3 (3.6+, I think), the new typing library got … Read more
traceback.format_exc() or sys.exc_info() will yield more info if that’s what you want. import traceback import sys try: do_stuff() except Exception: print(traceback.format_exc()) # or print(sys.exc_info()[2])
“What are the largest sites built on Django today?” There isn’t any single place that collects information about traffic on Django built sites, so I’ll have to take a stab at it using data from various locations. First, we have a list of Django sites on the front page of the main Django project page … Read more
Here is a simple solution for a simple feature: .toJSON() Method Instead of a JSON serializable class, implement a serializer method: import json class Object: def toJSON(self): return json.dumps(self, default=lambda o: o.__dict__, sort_keys=True, indent=4) So you just call it to serialize: me = Object() me.name = “Onur” me.age = 35 me.dog = Object() me.dog.name = … Read more
The SettingWithCopyWarning was created to flag potentially confusing “chained” assignments, such as the following, which does not always work as expected, particularly when the first selection returns a copy. [see GH5390 and GH5597 for background discussion.] df[df[‘A’] > 2][‘B’] = new_val # new_val not set in df The warning offers a suggestion to rewrite as … Read more
This is detailed with a reasonable amount of detail by Guido himself in his blog post Method Resolution Order (including two earlier attempts). In your example, Third() will call First.__init__. Python looks for each attribute in the class’s parents as they are listed left to right. In this case, we are looking for __init__. So, … Read more
Getting some sort of modification date in a cross-platform way is easy – just call os.path.getmtime(path) and you’ll get the Unix timestamp of when the file at path was last modified. Getting file creation dates, on the other hand, is fiddly and platform-dependent, differing even between the three big OSes: On Windows, a file’s ctime … Read more
Python 3.x makes a clear distinction between the types: str = ‘…’ literals = a sequence of Unicode characters (Latin-1, UCS-2 or UCS-4, depending on the widest character in the string) bytes = b’…’ literals = a sequence of octets (integers between 0 and 255) If you’re familiar with: Java or C#, think of str … Read more
One line, probably pretty fast: num_lines = sum(1 for line in open(‘myfile.txt’))
From here: The function ord() gets the int value of the char. And in case you want to convert back after playing with the number, function chr() does the trick. >>> ord(‘a’) 97 >>> chr(97) ‘a’ >>> chr(ord(‘a’) + 3) ‘d’ >>> In Python 2, there was also the unichr function, returning the Unicode character … Read more