I was able to solve this WPF Designer Bug by adding a x:Key to the DataTemplate
<ResourceDictionary>
<DataTemplate x:Key="ThisKeySolvesDesignersNullRef"
DataType="viewmodels:MyViewModel">
<views:MyView/>
</DataTemplate>
</ResourceDictionary>
I had been searching for months, because it eventually appeared on different projects and sometimes appeared and disappeard without an explicit reason.
Thanks to the helping answer on SO