It seems that /etc/profile is the best place I could find. At least, some environment variables are set there:
export CHARSET=UTF-8
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
export PAGER=less
export PS1='\h:\w\$ '
umask 022
for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r $script ] ; then
. $script
fi
done
According to the contents of /etc/profile, you can create a file with .sh extension in /etc/profile.d/ and you have to pass --login every time to load the env variables e.g docker exec -it container sh --login.