What’s the difference between set and map in C++?

They are semantically different. Consider:

#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
  pair<int, int> p1(1, 1);
  pair<int, int> p2(1, 2);
  set< pair<int, int> > s;
  s.insert(p1);
  s.insert(p2);
  map<int, int> m;
  m.insert(p1);
  m.insert(p2);
  cout << "Set size = " << s.size() << endl;
  cout << "Map size = " << m.size() << endl;
}

http://ideone.com/cZ8Vjr

Output:

Set size = 2
Map size = 1