“This type of page is not served.” error when trying to browse on *.cshtml files

UPDATE 2:

I have finally understood what you are trying to achieve. Sorry for me not understanding initially. I didn’t read your question carefully enough. You are trying to directly access a Razor page outside of the ~/Views folder.

In ASP.NET MVC 4 this is disabled by default. In order to enable it all you have to do is adjust the following setting in your web.config:

<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="true" />

It’s value is false by default when you create a new ASP.NET MVC 4 project using any of the templates. So I guess your colleague already did this if you are saying that it works on his PC.

ORIGINAL

You should not request directly a .cshtml file in an ASP.NET MVC application. Those are views located in the ~/Views folder. They are not directly accessible. You need a corresponding controller action.

For example let’s say that you have the following controller:

public class HomeController: Controller
{
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        return View();
    }
}

and then have defined the ~/Views/Home/Index.cshtml view with the contents shown in your question.

Now when you run your application you could navigate to /Home/Index which will execute the Index action of the Home controller and render the corresponding view.

I would recommend you reading some getting started tutorials about ASP.NET MVC in order to familiarize yourself with the basic most fundamental concepts.

UPDATE 1:

The code that blocks requests to .cshtml files inside the ~/Views folder is situated inside the ~/Views/web.config file:

<system.webServer>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
    <handlers>
        <remove name="BlockViewHandler"/>
        <add name="BlockViewHandler" path="*" verb="*" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.HttpNotFoundHandler" />
    </handlers>
</system.webServer>