In general, in classification you have a set of predefined classes and want to know which class a new object belongs to. Clustering tries to group a set of objects and find whether there is some relationship between the objects. In the context of machine learning, classification is supervised learning and clustering is unsupervised learning. … Read more
These are hierarchical in the way that genus, species and individual are hierarchical. Subject – In a security context, a subject is any entity that requests access to an object. These are generic terms used to denote the thing requesting access and the thing the request is made against. When you log onto an application … Read more
If you’re replacing one implementation completely with another, it’s “overwriting” or more commonly “replacing“. If you’re replacing an implementation with another for some specific cases, it’s “overriding“. To “overwrite” something is to put something else in its place, destroying the thing overwritten. To “override” something is to cause something else to operate instead of it … Read more
Sharding is just another name for “horizontal partitioning” of a database. You might want to search for that term to get it clearer. From Wikipedia: Horizontal partitioning is a design principle whereby rows of a database table are held separately, rather than splitting by columns (as for normalization). Each partition forms part of a shard, … Read more
An API (Application Programming Interface) is the means by which third parties can write code that interfaces with other code. A Web Service is a type of API, one that almost always operates over HTTP (though some, like SOAP, can use alternate transports, like SMTP). The official W3C definition mentions that Web Services don’t necessarily … Read more
Donald Knuth says (The Art of Computer Programming, Third Ed., Vol. 1, p. 435): Several authors began about 1975 to call the pool of available memory a “heap.” He doesn’t say which authors and doesn’t give references to any specific papers, but does say that the use of the term “heap” in relation to priority … Read more
Imagine that you’re eating candy out of a bowl. You take one piece regularly. To prevent the bowl from running out, someone might refill the bowl before it gets empty, so that when you want to take another piece, there’s candy in the bowl. The bowl acts as a buffer between you and the candy … Read more
The BASE acronym was defined by Eric Brewer, who is also known for formulating the CAP theorem. The CAP theorem states that a distributed computer system cannot guarantee all of the following three properties at the same time: Consistency Availability Partition tolerance A BASE system gives up on consistency. Basically available indicates that the system … Read more
A JavaBean follows certain conventions. Getter/setter naming, having a public default constructor, being serialisable etc. See JavaBeans Conventions for more details. A POJO (plain-old-Java-object) isn’t rigorously defined. It’s a Java object that doesn’t have a requirement to implement a particular interface or derive from a particular base class, or make use of particular annotations in … Read more
Character is an overloaded term that can mean many things. A code point is the atomic unit of information. Text is a sequence of code points. Each code point is a number which is given meaning by the Unicode standard. A code unit is the unit of storage of a part of an encoded code … Read more