This question is actually a very interesting one which mathematicians have devoted a fair bit of thought to. You can read about it in this article, which is a fascinating and accessible read. Briefly, a guy named Tibor Rado set out to find some really big, but still well-defined, numbers by defining a sequence called … Read more
The most recent example I can find is the UNISYS 2200 series, based on UNIVAC, with ones-complement arithmetic. The various models were produced between 1986 and 1997 but the OS was still in active development as late as 2015. They also had a C compiler, as seen here. It seems likely that they may still … Read more
They are not compatible types, which you can see with a a simple example: int* iptr; long* lptr = iptr; // compiler error here So it mostly matters when dealing with pointers to these types. Similarly, there is the “strict aliasing rule” which makes this code undefined behavior: int i; long* lptr = (long*)&i; *lptr … Read more
ast.literal_eval (located in ast.py) parses the tree with ast.parse first, then it evaluates the code with quite an ugly recursive function, interpreting the parse tree elements and replacing them with their literal equivalents. Unfortunately the code is not at all expandable, so to add Decimal to the code you need to copy all the code … Read more
It isn’t an official document, but this recently came up on Google+. The comments also have a good discussion with some detailed explanation.
A fixed point number has a specific number of bits (or digits) reserved for the integer part (the part to the left of the decimal point) and a specific number of bits reserved for the fractional part (the part to the right of the decimal point). No matter how large or small your number is, … Read more
The easiest way is probably to create an std::bitset representing the value, then stream that to cout. #include <bitset> … char a = -58; std::bitset<8> x(a); std::cout << x << ‘\n’; short c = -315; std::bitset<16> y(c); std::cout << y << ‘\n’;