Using pointers alone you can’t properly pass-by-reference or return-by-reference. Some methods require a reference. How would you implement a copy-constructor? Sometimes you need to enforce aliasing. You can’t do that with pointers – they can be changed. References cannot bind to something different. So when you initialize a reference, you guarantee it will refer to … Read more
Because you are not changing any variable in X. Actually, you are changing _y which is an outsider with respect to your class. Don’t forget that: y = newY; Is assigning the value of newY to the variable pointed by y, but not the references them selves. Only on initialization the references are considered.
References, by default, numify to their addresses. Those reference addresses are unique for every reference, so it can often be used in equality checks. However, in the snippet you showed, you’d first have to make sure that both $ref1 and $ref2 are actually references. Otherwise you might get incorrect results due to regular scalars containing … Read more
You may have selected Reuse types in specified reference assemblies but not chosen the very important mscorlib library. First click ‘Show All Files’ at the top of your Solution Explorer so you can expand out the service reference. Find the Reference.cs file and open it. Search for ClientBase in the source code to make sure … Read more
Classically, compilers treated “undefined behavior” as simply an excuse not to check for various types of errors and merely “let it happen anyway.” But contemporary compilers are starting to use undefined behavior to guide optimizations. Consider this code: int table[5]; bool does_table_contain(int v) { for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) { if … Read more
a is of type [i32; 3]; an array of three i32s. [i32; 3] does not implement an iter method, but it does dereference into &[i32]. &[i32] implements an iter method which produces an iterator. This iterator implements Iterator<Item=&i32>. It uses &i32 rather than i32 because the iterator has to work on arrays of any type, … Read more
How about the standards? DOM2 Core (W3C) DOM2 Events (W3C) DOM2 HTML (W3C) DOM2 CSS (W3C) And for javascript itself: Standard ECMA-262 ECMAScript Language Specification (ECMA)