I have released a python package “pyreadstat” that reads SPSS (sav, zsav and por), Stata and SAS files. It is a wrapper around the C library ReadStat so it is very fast. Readstat is the library used in the back of the R library Haven, which is widely used and very robust. The package is … Read more
EDIT – 2020/02/03 The pip module has updated quite a lot since the time I posted this answer. I’ve updated the snippet with the proper way to install a missing dependency, which is to use subprocess and pkg_resources, and not pip. To hide the output, you can redirect the subprocess output to devnull: import sys … Read more
I agree with the “don’t do this generally” consensus, but… The correct answer is: from importlib import reload import X reload(X) from X import Y # or * for that matter
Modules can import each other cyclically, but there’s a catch. In the simple case, it should work by moving the import statements to the bottom of the file or not using the from syntax. Here’s why that works: When you import a module, Python first checks sys.modules. If it’s in there, it just imports from … Read more
This happens because your local module named requests.py shadows the installed requests module you are trying to use. The current directory is prepended to sys.path, so the local name takes precedence over the installed name. An extra debugging tip when this comes up is to look at the Traceback carefully, and realize that the name … Read more
For future readers, this can also happen if you name a python file the same name as a dependency your project uses. For example: I cannot have a file named retrying.py that is using the retrying package. Assuming I had the retrying package in my project, I could not have a file called retrying.py with … Read more
The officially recommended way to install packages from a script is by calling pip’s command-line interface via a subprocess. Most other answers presented here are not supported by pip. Furthermore since pip v10, all code has been moved to pip._internal precisely in order to make it clear to users that programmatic use of pip is … Read more
The problem is that you’re running the module as ‘__main__’ by passing the mod1.py as an argument to the interpreter. From PEP 328: Relative imports use a module’s __name__ attribute to determine that module’s position in the package hierarchy. If the module’s name does not contain any package information (e.g. it is set to ‘__main__’) … Read more
For Python 3.5+ use (docs): import importlib.util import sys spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(“module.name”, “/path/to/file.py”) foo = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec) sys.modules[“module.name”] = foo spec.loader.exec_module(foo) foo.MyClass() For Python 3.3 and 3.4 use: from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader foo = SourceFileLoader(“module.name”, “/path/to/file.py”).load_module() foo.MyClass() (Although this has been deprecated in Python 3.4.) For Python 2 use: import imp foo = imp.load_source(‘module.name’, ‘/path/to/file.py’) foo.MyClass() … Read more
As stated in the python unittest doc: The simplest TestCase subclass will simply implement a test method (i.e. a method whose name starts with test) So you will need to change your method name to something like this: def test_add_returns_zero_for_emptyString(self): self.assertEqual(Add(‘ ‘), 0)