What’s going on here? You’ve misunderstood the meaning of protected. You can access the protected members declared in A from within C, but only for instances of C or subclasses of C. See section 6.6.2 of the JLS for details of protected access. In particular: Let C be the class in which a protected member … Read more
In C++ there is no notion of an entire class having an access specifier the way that there is in Java or C#. If a piece of code has visibility of a class, it can reference the name of that class and manipulate it. That said, there are a few restrictions on this. Just because … Read more
The reason this doesn’t work is because C# doesn’t allow cross-hierarchy calling of protected methods. Say there was a class E that also derived from C: C / \ D E Then the reference you’re trying to call the method on could actually be an instance of type E and thus the method could resolve … Read more
private – only available to be accessed within the class that defines them. protected – accessible in the class that defines them and in other classes which inherit from that class.
This design is based on the idea that the package is the appropriate unit, maintained and released by one internally consistent team; inheritance relationships have much less to do with who’s maintaining and releasing what when.
Just leave out all keywords. The default visibility is package-private, viewable within the package only. e.g.: // class Foo is public public class Foo { final private Bar bar = …; } // class Bar is package-private // (visible to all classes in the package, not visible outside the package) class Bar { …; }
Since B is publicly inherited from A, A’s protected member(s) become B’s protected member(s), so B can access its protected members as usual from its member function(s). That is, the objects of B can access the protected members of B from its member functions. But A’s protected members cannot be accessed outside the class, using … Read more
Two issues you may be having issues with – the field might not be accessible normally (private), and it’s not in the class you are looking at, but somewhere up the hierarchy. Something like this would work even with those issues: public class SomeExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Object myObj = … Read more
what are Access Specifiers? There are 3 access specifiers for a class/struct/Union in C++. These access specifiers define how the members of the class can be accessed. Of course, any member of a class is accessible within that class(Inside any member function of that same class). Moving ahead to type of access specifiers, they are: … Read more
The fact that a member is not accessible using class member access expr.ref (aclass.amember) due to access control [class.access] does not make this member inaccessible using other expressions. The expression &Derived::value (whose type is int Base::*) is perfectly standard compliant, and it designates the member value of Base. Then the expression a_base.*p where p is … Read more