I believe by “in the middle of your program” you are talking about an import inside a function definition: def f(): from module import * # not allowed This is not allowed because it would make optimizing the body of the function too hard. The Python implementation wants to know all of the names of … Read more
Check out PEP 328’s section on relative imports The rationale seems to be as written: Several use cases were presented, the most important of which is being able to rearrange the structure of large packages without having to edit sub-packages. In addition, a module inside a package can’t easily import itself without relative imports.
Unless your program is really big, don’t organize the modules in a hierarchy. Why not? Because although computers are good at hierarchy, people aren’t. People are good at meaningful names. If you choose good names you can easily handle 150 modules in a flat name space. I felt like [a flat name space] lacked organization. … Read more
Sure you can, just import the classes in the __init__.py: # in __init__.py from model.foo import Foo from model.bar import Bar And then when you wish to use them you can: >>> import model >>> model.Bar() <model.bar.Bar object at 0x31306d0> or >>> from model import Foo >>> Foo() <model.foo.Foo object at 0x31307d0>
There are some answers here as suggested in the comments. However they are not REPL friendly, and might even use extra modules. Here is a one line solution that you can paste in your REPL, inspired by the discussion on the other question: function nocache(module) {require(“fs”).watchFile(require(“path”).resolve(module), () => {delete require.cache[require.resolve(module)]})} The function will delete your … Read more
Here are the differences I have noted from various articles. If you want more details, read a complete article on the internet: Modules are singleton. They will be loaded and executed only once. Modules can use import and export. Modules are always executed in strict mode. All objects (class, const, function, let, or var) are … Read more
I ran into the same issue with dnspython. My solution was to build the source from their official GitHub project. So my steps were: git clone https://github.com/rthalley/dnspython cd dnspython/ python setup.py install After doing this, I was able to import the dns module. EDIT It seems the pip install doesn’t work for this module. Install … Read more
The issue was in the naming of my file. I hastily named my file emailage.py and then tried to import from emailage.client. I’m assuming that Python looked in my current directory and matched the names of the file I was working on before checking the installed third party libraries. After renaming my file everything seems … Read more
When I run npm install inside an app folder, however, it appears to install everything locally regardless of where else it may exist upstream. Is that the correct behavior? (It’s possible there’s another reason, like bad version language in my package.json). If this IS the correct behavior, is there a way for me to have … Read more
Use the fully-qualified name: sayinghi = testmodule.Greeter(“hello world!”) There is an alternative form of import that would bring Greeter into your namespace: from testmodule import Greeter