What are the stages of compilation of a C++ program?

Are the stages of compilation of a C++ program specified by the standard? Yes and no. The C++ standard defines 9 “phases of translation”. Quoting from the N3242 draft (10MB PDF), dated 2011-02-28 (prior to the release of the official C++11 standard), section 2.2: The precedence among the syntax rules of translation is specified by … Read more

What does a semi colon do after a conditional block in C#?

This is a simple question with a simple answer, but I just wanted to add something relevant. Often people understand that it does nothing and particularly for the case that you presented, the semi-colon is an unnecessary line termination. But what is the rationale behind it ? Actually, those empty statements are allowed for statement … Read more

Is the compiler allowed to optimise out private data members?

Possible in theory (along with unused public members), but not with the kind of compiler ecosystem we’re used to (targeting a fixed ABI that can link separately-compiled code). Removing unused members could only be done with whole-program optimization that forbids separate libraries1. Other compilation units might need to agree on sizeof(foo), but that wouldn’t be … Read more

C/C++ How Does Dynamic Linking Work On Different Platforms?

To answer your questions one by one: Dynamic linking defers part of the linking process to runtime. It can be used in two ways: implicitly and explicitly. Implicitly, the static linker will insert information into the executable which will cause the library to load and resolve the necessary symbols. Explicitly, you must call LoadLibrary or … Read more

MinGW c++ compiler zlib1.dll missing error?

I had this same problem, but fixed it like this: I ran the MinGW Installation Manager (e.g. C:\MinGW\libexec\mingw-get\guimain.exe). I navigated to All Packages -> MinGW -> MinGW Libraries. I checked the boxes next to mingw32-libz (dev & dll). I went to Installation -> Apply Changes. Now everything worked properly.

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