ImportError: cannot import name ‘…’ from partially initialized module ‘…’ (most likely due to a circular import)

For future readers, this can also happen if you name a python file the same name as a dependency your project uses. For example: I cannot have a file named retrying.py that is using the retrying package. Assuming I had the retrying package in my project, I could not have a file called retrying.py with … Read more

What happens when using mutual or circular (cyclic) imports?

If you do import foo (inside bar.py) and import bar (inside foo.py), it will work fine. By the time anything actually runs, both modules will be fully loaded and will have references to each other. The problem is when instead you do from foo import abc (inside bar.py) and from bar import xyz (inside foo.py). … Read more

Circular dependency in Java constructors

The constructor of your class A calls the constructor of class B. The constructor of class B calls the constructor of class A. You have an infinite recursion call, that’s why you end up having a StackOverflowError. Java supports having circular dependencies between classes, the problem here is only related to constructors calling each others. … Read more

Any good advice about how to avoid import cycle in Go?

go list -f ‘{{join .Deps “\n”}}’ <import-path> Will show import dependencies for package at <import-path> – or in current directory if <import-path> is left empty. Alternatively go list -f ‘{{join .DepsErrors “\n”}}’ <import-path> hopefully shows some useful information in your case. See also the output of go help list for additional information about the go … Read more

Cannot add reference to project because of a circular dependency error

Here’s what you need to do: Right click on the DAL Project in the solution explorer and select Project dependencies in the context menu. You will now see a window that shows the project dependencies of the DAL Project. Make sure that BAL isn’t checked. Now you should be able to add your reference… I … Read more

Why do circular imports seemingly work further up in the call stack but then raise an ImportError further down?

I think the answer by jpmc26, while by no means wrong, comes down too heavily on circular imports. They can work just fine, if you set them up correctly. The easiest way to do so is to use import my_module syntax, rather than from my_module import some_object. The former will almost always work, even if … Read more

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