Python-like loop enumeration in C++ [duplicate]

Here is some kind of funny solution using lazy evaluation. First, construct the generator object enumerate_object:

template<typename Iterable>
class enumerate_object
{
    private:
        Iterable _iter;
        std::size_t _size;
        decltype(std::begin(_iter)) _begin;
        const decltype(std::end(_iter)) _end;

    public:
        enumerate_object(Iterable iter):
            _iter(iter),
            _size(0),
            _begin(std::begin(iter)),
            _end(std::end(iter))
        {}

        const enumerate_object& begin() const { return *this; }
        const enumerate_object& end()   const { return *this; }

        bool operator!=(const enumerate_object&) const
        {
            return _begin != _end;
        }

        void operator++()
        {
            ++_begin;
            ++_size;
        }

        auto operator*() const
            -> std::pair<std::size_t, decltype(*_begin)>
        {
            return { _size, *_begin };
        }
};

Then, create a wrapper function enumerate that will deduce the template arguments and return the generator:

template<typename Iterable>
auto enumerate(Iterable&& iter)
    -> enumerate_object<Iterable>
{
    return { std::forward<Iterable>(iter) };
}

You can now use your function that way:

int main()
{
    std::vector<double> vec = { 1., 2., 3., 4., 5. };
    for (auto&& a: enumerate(vec)) {
        size_t index = std::get<0>(a);
        double& value = std::get<1>(a);

        value += index;
    }
}

The implementation above is a mere toy: it should work with both const and non-const lvalue-references as well as rvalue-references, but has a real cost for the latter though, considering that it copies the whole iterable object several times. This problem could surely be solved with additional tweaks.

Since C++17, decomposition declarations even allow you to have the cool Python-like syntax to name the index and the value directly in the for initializer:

int main()
{
    std::vector<double> vec = { 1., 2., 3., 4., 5. };
    for (auto&& [index, value] : enumerate(vec)) {
        value += index;
    }
}

A C++-compliant compiler decomposes auto&& inferring index as std::size_t&& and value as double&.