I’m running into the same issue after switching from Visual Studio 2013 to 2015.
Some old projects (WPF, .NET 4.5, MVVM Light) produce this error – other not. In visual Studio i can skip the exception but newly created releases stop while loading and try to open the JIT Debugger.
Until now the only solution seems to be a rollback to Visual Studio 2013.
** UPDATE **
Finally I solved it in VS 2015 by unchecking the following option:
Tools –> Options –> Debugging –> General –> Enable UI Debugging Tools for XAML