I had the same issue. Solved it for Arduino IDE > 1.8. Seems a specialty in newer IDEs (?) according to the reference (see bottom link).
You have to add a “src” Subdirectory before creating a library folder. So essentially your project should look like this:
/SketchDir (with *.ino file)
/SketchDir/src
/SketchDir/src/yourLib (with .h and .cpp file)
and finally in your sketch you reference:
#include "src/yourLib/yourLib.h"
otherwise in my case – if I am missing the “src” folder – I get the error message that it cannot find the yourLib.cpp file.
Note: I am using a windows system in case it differs and actually VS Code as wrapper for Arduino IDE. But both IDE compile it with this structure.
References:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=445230.0