Such a magic command does not exist, but you can write it yourself.
from IPython.core.magic import register_cell_magic
@register_cell_magic('handle')
def handle(line, cell):
try:
exec(cell)
except Exception as e:
send_mail_to_myself(e)
raise # if you want the full trace-back in the notebook
It is not possible to load the magic command for the entire notebook automatically, you have to add it at each cell where you need this feature.
%%handle
some_code()
raise ValueError('this exception will be caught by the magic command')