Jest spy on functionality

Actually you can use jest.spyOn jest.spyOn

If method is called when component created use:

import { mount } from 'enzyme'; 

describe('My component', () => {
  it('should call getData', () => {
    const spy = jest.spyOn(Component.prototype, 'getData');
    mount(<Component />);
    expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
  });
})

or if you have it in your DOM and method use bind you can use:

import { shallow } from 'enzyme'; 

describe('My component', () => {
  it('should call getData', () => {
    const wrapper = shallow(<Component />);
    const instance = wrapper.instance()
    const spy = jest.spyOn(instance, 'getData');
    wrapper.find('button').simulate('click')
    expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
  });
})