Is an array a primitive type or an object (or something else entirely)?

There is a class for every array type, so there’s a class for int[], there’s a class for Foo[]. These classes are created by JVM. You can access them by int[].class, Foo[].class. The direct super class of these classes are Object.class

public static void main(String[] args)
{
    test(int[].class);
    test(String[].class);
}

static void test(Class clazz)
{
    System.out.println(clazz.getName());
    System.out.println(clazz.getSuperclass());
    for(Class face : clazz.getInterfaces())
        System.out.println(face);
}

There’s also a compile-time subtyping rule, if A is subtype of B, A[] is subtype of B[].