How to stop the localized Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.*.resources.dll files from getting published by ASP.NET Core?

Add this:

<SatelliteResourceLanguages>en</SatelliteResourceLanguages>

to the .csproj file:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.1</TargetFramework>
    <SatelliteResourceLanguages>en</SatelliteResourceLanguages>
  </PropertyGroup>

As suggested, you can use none to exclude all of them:

    <SatelliteResourceLanguages>none</SatelliteResourceLanguages>

and taking consideration languages do you want like english and spanish:

<SatelliteResourceLanguages>en;es</SatelliteResourceLanguages>

Works with VS2019 and other versions

UPDATE 2021/2022:

Still working with Visual Studio 2022 and .NET 6

      <PropertyGroup>
        <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
        <SatelliteResourceLanguages>en</SatelliteResourceLanguages>
        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
      </PropertyGroup>