I’ve not had occasion to use it, but some time ago I bookmarked OS X URL handler to open links to local files which is exactly what you’re looking for.
The important part of the linked procedure is adding an appropriate CFBundleURLTypes
to your application’s Info.plist that describes the scheme. The example given there looks like this:
<key>CFBundleURLTypes</key>
<array>
<dict>
<key>CFBundleURLName</key>
<string>Local File</string>
<key>CFBundleURLSchemes</key>
<array>
<string>local</string>
</array>
</dict>
</array>