You could easily use gulp-replace, like so:
var gulp = require('gulp'),
replace = require('gulp-replace'),
fs = require('fs');
// in your task
return gulp.src(...)
.pipe(replace(/<link href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23820703/style.css"[^>]*>/, function(s) {
var style = fs.readFileSync("https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23820703/style.css", 'utf8');
return '<style>\n' + style + '\n</style>';
}))
.pipe(gulp.dest(...));
You can also easily modify the replacement RegEx to work with different files, too.
return gulp.src(...)
.pipe(replace(/<link href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23820703/([^\.]\.css)"[^>]*>/g, function(s, filename) {
var style = fs.readFileSync(filename, 'utf8');
return '<style>\n' + style + '\n</style>';
}))
.pipe(gulp.dest(...));