If you’re only dealing with pixel values for the margin, padding and border properties, you can do the following:
// we're assuming a reference to your element in a variable called 'element'
var style = element.currentStyle || window.getComputedStyle(element),
width = element.offsetWidth, // or use style.width
margin = parseFloat(style.marginLeft) + parseFloat(style.marginRight),
padding = parseFloat(style.paddingLeft) + parseFloat(style.paddingRight),
border = parseFloat(style.borderLeftWidth) + parseFloat(style.borderRightWidth);
alert(width + margin - padding + border);
If you’re dealing with other kinds of values (like ems, points or values like auto), I would like to refer you to this answer.