One liner with curl, jq, tr:
for repo in $(curl -s --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: your_private_token" https://<your-host>/api/v4/groups/<group_id> | jq -r ".projects[].ssh_url_to_repo"); do git clone $repo; done;
For Gitlab.com use https://gitlab.com/api/v4/groups/<group_id>
To include subgroups add include_subgroups=true query param like
https://<your-host>/api/v4/groups/<group_id>?include_subgroups=true
Note: To clone with http url use
http_url_to_repoinstead ofssh_url_to_repoin jq (Thanks @MattVon for the comment)