A number of the tips in Effective C++, More Effective C++, Effective STL and C++ Coding Standards are along this line.
A simple example of such a tip: use preincrement (++i) rather than postincrement (i++) when possible. This is especially important with iterators, as postincrement involves copying the iterator. You optimizer may be able to undo this, but it isn’t any extra work to write preincrement instead, so why take the risk?