For those still looking for a solution:
In Java 8 or later, this can be answered trivially using Streams without any loops or additional libraries.
int[] range = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 10).toArray();
This will produce an array with the integers from 1 to 10.
A more general solution that produces the same result is below. This can be made to produce any sequence by modifying the unary operator.
int[] range = IntStream.iterate(1, n -> n + 1).limit(10).toArray();