Equivalent of asyncio.Queues with worker “threads”

Yes, exactly. Tasks are your friends:

import asyncio, random

q = asyncio.Queue()

@asyncio.coroutine
def produce():
    while True:
        yield from q.put(random.random())
        yield from asyncio.sleep(0.5 + random.random())

@asyncio.coroutine
def consume():
    while True:
        value = yield from q.get()
        print("Consumed", value)


loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.create_task(produce())
loop.create_task(consume())
loop.run_forever()

asyncio.ensure_future can be used for task creation also.

And please keep in mind: q.put() is a coroutine, so you should to use yield from q.put(value).

UPD

Switched from asyncio.Task()/asyncio.async() to new brand API loop.create_task() and asyncio.ensure_future() in example.