Entity Framework cannot update database

I had the same issue, and fixed it by adding the following lines to the web.config of my application:

<runtime>
  <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
    <dependentAssembly>
      <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.SqlServer.Types" publicKeyToken="89845dcd8080cc91" />
      <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-11.0.0.0" newVersion="10.0.0.0" />
    </dependentAssembly>
  </assemblyBinding>
</runtime>

This forces the EntityFramework to use the version 10 of the SqlServer.Types.dll, which doesn’t have the Geometry type apparently.