Docker objects accumulate over time, so with heavy usage you can eventually exhaust the available storage. You can confirm that this is the issue with docker system df:
docker system df
You can start reclaiming some space by doing a prune of your unused objects, a couple examples:
# Prune everything
docker system prune
# Only prune images
docker image prune
Be sure to read the Prune unused Docker objects documentation first to make sure you understand what you’ll be discarding.
If you really can’t reclaim enough space by discarding objects, then you can always allocate more disk space.