If you read the comments at top of the file, just below the class declaration, there is a section which explains the use of this construct:
Style notes
===========
[...]
There are several occurrences of the unusual "do {} while
(!cas...)" which is the simplest way to force an update of a
CAS'ed variable. There are also other coding oddities (including
several unnecessary-looking hoisted null checks) that help
some methods perform reasonably even when interpreted (not
compiled).