reduce can only be used on non-empty collections with functions that returns the same type as the types contained in the collection.
fold can be used in all cases.
For instance you cannot compute the sum of the length of all strings in a list with reduce. You have to use fold :
final list = ['a', 'bb', 'ccc'];
// compute the sum of all length
list.fold(0, (t, e) => t + e.length); // result is 6
By the way list.reduce(f) can be seen as a shortcut for list.skip(1).fold(list.first, f).