White background
convert -size 800x800 xc:white white.png
xc: used to mean “X Constant Image” but now is just a shorthand for canvas:. This means you can also use:
convert -size 800x800 canvas:white white.png
and because “white” is the default value if no color is provided, you can also use:
convert -size 800x800 xc: white.png
convert -size 800x800 canvas: white.png
Transparent background
If by “blank” you mean “transparent”, just use that word as the color:
convert -size 800x800 xc:transparent transparent.png
Answer made possible by ImageMagick v6 Examples and How to create a new image?