i386 is just one the first model in the x86 familly of processors, and instructions sets. For more informations, you might want to take a look at : Intel 80386 x86 Quoting the second page : The term x86 refers to a family of instruction set architectures[1] based on the Intel 8086. The term is … Read more
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe” myproject.sln /Build “Release|x86
Per-element atomicity of vector load/store and gather/scatter?
The physical address is calculated from 2 parts. i) segment address. ii) offset address. The CS(code segment register) is used to address the code segment of the memory i.e a location in the memory where the code is stored. The IP(Instruction pointer) contains the offset within the code segment of the memory. Hence CS:IP is … Read more
Just compute it as 2^(y*log2(x)). There is a x86 instruction FYL2X to compute y*log2(x) and a x86 instruction F2XM1 to do exponentiation. F2XM1 requires an argument in [-1,1] range, so you’d have to add some code in between to extract the integer part and the remainder, exponentiate the remainder, use FSCALE to scale the result … Read more
AMD processor in the early-gigahertz era had a 40 cycle penalty every time you called a function Huh.. so large.. There is an “Indirect branch prediction” method, which helps to predict virtual function jump, IF there was the same indirect jump some time ago. There is still a penalty for first and mispredicted virt. function … Read more
They are complementary. Each new instruction set extension add new instructions and eventually a new programming model (new registers for example). None are deprecated, deprecating instructions is almost impossible to do for compatibility reasons. However some optional extensions may be absent or removed from newer models (like the FMA4 of AMD) if not very wide … Read more
A gate (call, interrupt, task or trap) is used to transfer control of execution across segments. Privilege level checking is done differently depending on the type of destination and instruction used. A call gate uses the CALL and JMP instructions. Call gates transfer control from lower privilege code to higher privilege code. The gate DPL … Read more
x86 is a CISC architecture. The number of instructions is a big factor as all cisc architectures with all more instructions. Furthermore as instructions are complex in cisc they can take >1 cycle to complete, where as in RISC they should be single cycle. The main differences are found here: +——————————+——————————+ | CISC | RISC … Read more
C has div and ldiv. Whether these generate separate instructions for the quotient and remainder will depend on your particular standard library implementation and compiler and optimization settings. Starting with C99, you also have lldiv for larger numbers.