Networking: Difference between Transport layer and Networking Layer

These are levels of abstraction. Transport Layer is where the decision to use TCP/UDP is made. Among commonly used protocols in this layer, TCP is reliable, UDP isn’t. Depending upon the choice made, the respective headers are attached to your packet. TCP for example just knows about SYN-ACK, Three-way handshake mechanisms, but does not know … Read more

rsync incremental file list taking forever

The documentation for -v says increase verbosity. If the only thing you’re interested in is seeing more progress, you can chain -v together like so: rsync -avvvhr /sauce/folder/ [email protected]:/dest/folder/ and you should see more interesting progress. This could tell you if your copying requirements -a are stricter than you need and thus take a lot … Read more

VirtualBox port forwarding not working with NAT adapter

Paravirtualized Network* (virtio-net) is the key select your vm that you want for port forwarding. NOTE: Make sure the vm is in stop mode. Select “Settings” Select “Network” Select any free Adapter. Lets say “Adapter 2” Enable “Enable Network Adapter” In Attached to dropdown, select “NAT” Select “Advanced” In Adapter Type: Select “Paravirtualized Network (virtio-net)” … Read more

Does a docker container have its own TCP/IP stack?

The network stack, as in “the code”, is definitely not in the container, it’s in the kernel of which there’s only one shared by the host and all containers (you already knew this). What each container has is its own separate network namespace, which means it has its own network interfaces and routing tables. Here’s … Read more

What % of traffic is network overhead on top of HTTP/S requests

You have zero knowledge about the layers below HTTP. You can’t even assume the HTTP request will be delivered over TCP/IP. Even if it is, you have zero knowledge about the overhead added by the network layer. Or what the reliability of the route will be and what overhead will be due to dropped/resent packets. … Read more

Hata!: SQLSTATE[HY000] [1045] Access denied for user 'divattrend_liink'@'localhost' (using password: YES)