CASE WHEN with ORM (SQLalchemy)

See sqlalchemy.sql.expression.case function and more examples on the documentation page. But it would look like this (verbatim from the documentation linked to):

case([(orderline.c.qty > 100, item.c.specialprice),
      (orderline.c.qty > 10, item.c.bulkprice)
    ], else_=item.c.regularprice)
case(value=emp.c.type, whens={
        'engineer': emp.c.salary * 1.1,
        'manager':  emp.c.salary * 3,
    })

edit-1: (answering the comment) Sure you can, see example below:

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    first_name = Column(String)
    last_name = Column(String)

xpr = case([(User.first_name != None, User.first_name + " " + User.last_name),],
        else_ = User.last_name).label("full_name")

qry = session.query(User.id, xpr)
for _usr in qry:
    print _usr.fullname

Also see Using a hybrid for an example of case used in the hybrid properties.