You’re probably missing the uses-library and instrumentation nodes in your AndroidManifest.xml:
<manifest ...>
<application ...>
<!-- ... -->
<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
</application>
<instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
android:targetPackage="your.package"
android:label="your tests label" />
</manifest>